Centre Greenlights Caste Census: What It Means, Why It Matters

Why in News?

The Union Government of India has approved the inclusion of caste data in the upcoming national census, marking a significant policy shift after nearly a century. This decision, cleared by the Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, aims to address longstanding demands for updated caste demographics to inform social justice initiatives and policy-making.

Important Key Points:

Historical Context:
- Caste data was regularly collected during British colonial censuses from 1881 to 1931.
- Post-independence, India ceased comprehensive caste enumeration in 1951, focusing only on Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs).
- The 2011 Socio-Economic and Caste Census (SECC) attempted to gather caste data, but the findings were not officially released.
. Political and Social Implications:
- The decision has garnered mixed reactions:
  - The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) hails it as a “historic correction” addressing longstanding inequities.
  - The opposition Congress party welcomes the move but questions its timing, especially in light of recent national security concerns.
. Recent State-Level Developments:
- States like Bihar, Karnataka, and Telangana have conducted their own caste surveys.
  - Bihar’s 2023 survey revealed that over 63% of its population belongs to Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and Extremely Backward Classes.
. Significance of the Caste Census:
- Proponents argue that updated caste data will:
  - Enhance the effectiveness of affirmative action and welfare schemes.
  - Ensure equitable distribution of resources and representation.
  - Highlight socio-economic disparities among different caste groups.
- Critics caution that it may exacerbate social divisions and be exploited for political gains.