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India Launches ‘BharatGen’: First Indigenous Multimodal AI Language Model
India Launches ‘BharatGen’: First Indigenous Multimodal AI Language Model
Why in News?
- Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh unveiled ‘BharatGen’ at the BharatGen Summit in New Delhi. This initiative marks India’s first indigenously developed, government-funded, AI-based Multimodal Large Language Model (LLM) designed to support 22 Indian languages.
Important Key Points:
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Multimodal Capabilities: BharatGen integrates text, speech, and image data, enabling comprehensive AI applications across various sectors.
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Language Support: The model is designed to support 22 Indian languages, addressing the country’s linguistic diversity.
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Development and Funding: Developed under the leadership of the TIH Foundation for IoT and IoE at IIT Bombay, BharatGen is funded by the National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS).
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Public Service Enhancement: The initiative aims to revolutionize public service delivery by providing AI tools tailored to India’s socio-cultural context.
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Open-Source Platform: BharatGen is envisioned as an open-source platform to foster collaboration and innovation in AI research and applications.
India to Conduct Two-Phase Census in 2027 with Caste Enumeration After 16 Years
India to Conduct Two-Phase Census in 2027 with Caste Enumeration After 16 Years
Why in News?
- The Government of India has announced that the 16th national census will be conducted in two phases in 2027, incorporating caste enumeration for the first time since 1931. This marks a significant shift in the country’s demographic data collection approach.
Important Key Points:
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Census Schedule:
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Phase I: In snow-bound areas like Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand, the census will reference data as of October 1, 2026.
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Phase II: In the rest of the country, the census will reference data as of March 1, 2027.
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Caste Enumeration:
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This will be the first comprehensive caste count since the British-era census of 1931.
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The inclusion aims to provide detailed data on various caste groups, which can inform policy decisions and social welfare programs.
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Digital Census:
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For the first time, the census will be conducted digitally, allowing for self-enumeration by citizens through an online portal.
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Manpower and Cost:
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Over 3 million enumerators and supervisors will be engaged in the exercise.
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The entire operation is expected to cost over ₹13,000 crore.
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Political Implications:
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The inclusion of caste data is seen as a move that could impact reservation policies and political dynamics, especially in states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.
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Assam Unveils Athlete Housing Roadmap to Build Sports Hostels for 2,000 in 5 Years
Assam Unveils Athlete Housing Roadmap to Build Sports Hostels for 2,000 in 5 Years
Why in News?
- Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma announced an ambitious plan to construct residential sports hostels accommodating over 2,000 athletes across the state within the next five years. This initiative aims to bolster Assam’s sports infrastructure and nurture local talent, aligning with the state’s aspiration to become a significant player in the national sports arena.
Important Key Points:
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Infrastructure Development:
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A 200-bed hostel is currently under construction in Amingaon.
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Plans are underway for a larger 500-capacity facility in Sarusajai.
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Additional hostels are proposed for Dibrugarh and Chandrapur.
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Comprehensive Athlete Support: These hostels will provide athletes with essential amenities, including accommodation and food, enabling them to focus entirely on their training without logistical concerns.
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Strategic Vision: The initiative is part of Assam’s broader strategy to position itself as a hub for sports excellence, with the goal of making sports the state’s “soft power” on the national stage.
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Alignment with National Events: The announcement aligns with Assam’s preparations to co-host the 2027 National Games alongside other northeastern states, showcasing the region’s commitment to sports development.
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Support for Local Training Centers: During the inauguration of the Lovlina Boxing Academy in North Guwahati, CM Sarma pledged ₹2 crore for infrastructure development, including hostel facilities, to support aspiring boxers and athletes.
Assam Government Enhances Forest Protection Force with Arms and SUVs on World Environment Day
Assam Government Enhances Forest Protection Force with Arms and SUVs on World Environment Day
Why in News?
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On World Environment Day, June 5, 2025, the Assam government announced significant enhancements to its Forest Protection Force (FPF) to combat poaching and wildlife crimes more effectively. Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma unveiled these measures during an event at Srimanta Sankardev Kalakshetra in Guwahati.
Important Key Points:
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Arms and Ammunition Sanctioned: The government has approved the provision of arms and ammunition to the FPF, empowering forest personnel to independently and effectively counter poaching activities.
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Deployment of SUVs: A fleet of 130 new SUV vehicles has been flagged off for use across various wildlife ranges and divisions, enhancing mobility and response capabilities.
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Expansion of FPF Battalions: Since coming to power, the current administration has established a third battalion of the FPF, with plans to equip all battalions with necessary resources.
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Addressing Manpower Concerns: CM Sarma addressed concerns about manpower shortages, attributing issues to deployment and management rather than a lack of personnel.
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Recent Anti-Poaching Operations: The state has intensified anti-poaching efforts, with two poachers killed in separate encounters in Kaziranga National Park in recent weeks.
Assamese Films Are Ready for OTT Spotlight — But Where Are the Platforms?
Assamese Films Are Ready for OTT Spotlight — But Where Are the Platforms?
Why in News?
- Assamese cinema is experiencing a creative renaissance, with a surge in new releases, award-winning projects, and independent ventures. However, despite this momentum, filmmakers and audiences alike are grappling with the limited availability and visibility of Assamese films on major OTT platforms. While regional platforms like Reeldrama exist, many potential viewers remain unaware of their offerings, highlighting a significant gap in digital distribution and promotion.
Important Key Points:
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Limited Presence on Major OTT Platforms: Mainstream OTT services such as Amazon Prime Video and SonyLiv occasionally feature Assamese films, but their libraries are sparse, leaving audiences seeking more comprehensive access to regional content.
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Regional Platforms Struggle with Visibility: Platforms like Reeldrama have been established to cater to Assamese audiences, especially those residing outside the state. However, awareness about these platforms remains low. For instance, Delhi resident Ranjana Gogoi mentioned discovering Reeldrama only through a friend’s recommendation, indicating a need for better promotion and outreach.
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Filmmakers Advocate for Growth and Quality: Industry professionals acknowledge the potential of regional OTT platforms but emphasize the necessity for consistent content quality and innovation. Director and actor Kenny Basumatary noted that while these platforms have made strides in attracting viewers, retaining their attention requires ongoing effort and creativity.
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Call for Institutional Support: Filmmakers like Maharshi Tuhin Kashyap highlight the importance of regional platforms in showcasing diverse storytelling. However, he points out that market saturation and repetitive content are challenges that need addressing. There’s a consensus on the need for institutional and financial support to bolster the regional OTT ecosystem and ensure its sustainability.
Money Laundering in Online Gaming: A Growing Threat to India’s Digital Economy
Money Laundering in Online Gaming: A Growing Threat to India’s Digital Economy
Why in News?
- The rapid expansion of India’s online gaming sector has raised significant concerns about its vulnerability to money laundering activities. A detailed analysis of how the lack of stringent regulations and oversight mechanisms has made the sector susceptible to financial malpractices, posing risks to the broader digital economy.
Important Key Points:
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Exponential Growth of the Gaming Sector: India’s online gaming industry has witnessed a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 28% from FY20 to FY23, with projections estimating the market’s worth at $7.5 billion by 2029. This rapid growth, while economically beneficial, has outpaced the development of regulatory frameworks, creating opportunities for illicit activities.
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Mechanisms of Money Laundering:
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Use of In-Game Assets and Cryptocurrencies: Players can deposit large sums into gaming accounts, convert them into in-game assets or cryptocurrencies, and later withdraw them, effectively laundering money.
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Offshore Betting Platforms: Illegal operators often use offshore platforms to facilitate betting, making it challenging for Indian authorities to track and regulate transactions.
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Mule Accounts: Fraudsters employ multiple bank accounts to layer and integrate illicit funds, complicating the detection process.
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Regulatory Challenges:
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Lack of Uniform Legislation: State legislatures have exclusive power to make laws on gaming, leading to a fragmented regulatory environment across the country.
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Inadequate KYC Norms: Many gaming platforms do not enforce strict Know Your Customer (KYC) protocols, allowing anonymous transactions that can be exploited for money laundering.
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Recent Enforcement Actions:
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Digital Arrest Scam: The Enforcement Directorate (ED) filed its first charge sheet under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) in a ₹1,500 crore digital arrest fraud operated from Dubai, involving the use of approximately 300 mule bank accounts.
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Interstate Gaming Scam: Authorities in Udham Singh Nagar district uncovered a major cyber fraud involving an interstate online gaming scam that spanned 15 states, leading to the arrest of key suspects.
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Influencer Involvement: Four social media influencers were arrested in Gujarat for promoting illegal online gambling websites through Instagram, highlighting the role of digital platforms in facilitating such activities.
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Recommendations for Mitigation:
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Establishing a Central Regulatory Authority: To ensure uniformity in regulations and oversight across states.
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Mandatory KYC and AML Protocols: Implementing strict Know Your Customer and Anti-Money Laundering measures for all gaming platforms.
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International Cooperation: Collaborating with global agencies to monitor and regulate offshore betting platforms.
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Public Awareness Campaigns: Educating users about the risks associated with illegal gaming platforms and the importance of using regulated services.
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Assam Launches ‘Gaja Mitra’ Initiative to Mitigate Human-Elephant Conflict
Assam Launches ‘Gaja Mitra’ Initiative to Mitigate Human-Elephant Conflict
Why in News?
- Assam government introduced the ‘Gaja Mitra‘ program, aiming to address the escalating human-elephant conflicts in the state. This initiative focuses on safeguarding both local communities and the elephant population by implementing ecological restoration, technological advancements, and community engagement strategies.
Important Key Points:
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Targeted Districts: The program is being implemented in five districts significantly affected by human-elephant conflicts: Goalpara, Baksa, Udalguri, Sonitpur, and Nagaon.
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Ecological Restoration: Efforts include creating greener and more hospitable forests to ensure elephants have sufficient food and migratory corridors, reducing their need to enter human settlements.
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Technological Integration: Deployment of AI-powered camera traps throughout forests to detect elephant movements and send real-time alerts to nearby villages, allowing communities to prepare or evacuate if necessary.
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Community Engagement: Formation of ‘Gaja Mitra’ teams comprising trained local volunteers to raise awareness, respond to alerts, and serve as vital links between forest departments and villagers.
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Addressing Previous Oversights: Following public outcry over the initial exclusion of Golaghat district—a region severely affected by human-elephant conflicts—the government has now included it in the ‘Gaja Mitra’ scheme.
Centre and Assam Government to Rebuild Flood-Hit Dima Hasao Roads with ₹3,875 Crore Package
Centre and Assam Government to Rebuild Flood-Hit Dima Hasao Roads with ₹3,875 Crore Package
Why in News?
- Assam government announced a ₹3,875 crore package to reconstruct and upgrade 348 km of roads in Dima Hasao district, which suffered extensive damage during the devastating 2022 floods and landslides. This initiative marks the highest-ever allocation for the hill district.
Important Key Points:
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Project Scope: The reconstruction plan encompasses five key roads, 11 wooden bridges, and several smaller stretches, aiming to restore vital connectivity in the region.
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Funding Structure: The Centre will bear 80% of the project cost through World Bank assistance, while the Assam state government will contribute the remaining 20%.
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Implementation Timeline: The tendering process has been completed, and construction is scheduled to commence after the monsoon season.
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Background: The 2022 floods and landslides caused damage worth ₹1,000 crore in Dima Hasao, disrupting key road and rail links, including the New Haflong Railway Station.
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Additional Developments: In the same cabinet meeting, other significant decisions included:
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Redesignating the Superintendent of Police as Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP).
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Sanctioning ₹843 crore for the Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC).
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Approving the establishment of Swahid Kanaklata Barua University at Bholaguri Tea Estate, Gohpur.
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Providing a one-time grant of ₹15 lakh each to 300 Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) and Farm Produce Companies (FPCs) under the Mukhya Mantri Utkarsh Yojana.
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Assam CM Asserts Brahmaputra Primarily Fed by Indian Rains; Reduced Chinese Flow May Aid Flood Control
Assam CM Asserts Brahmaputra Primarily Fed by Indian Rains; Reduced Chinese Flow May Aid Flood Control
Why in News?
- Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma addressed concerns regarding China’s potential influence over the Brahmaputra River’s flow. He emphasized that the majority of the river’s water volume is generated within India, suggesting that even if China were to reduce its contribution, it might assist in mitigating Assam’s annual floods.
Important Key Points:
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Primary Water Source: CM Sarma highlighted that approximately 65–70% of the Brahmaputra’s flow originates from torrential monsoon rains in India’s northeastern states, including Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, and Meghalaya. In contrast, glacial melt and rainfall from Tibet contribute only about 30–35% to the river’s volume.
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Tributary Contributions: Significant tributaries such as the Subansiri, Lohit, Kameng, Manas, Dhansiri, Jia-Bharali, and Kopili rivers, along with inflows from the Khasi, Garo, and Jaintia Hills via rivers like Krishnai, Digaru, and Kulsi, substantially augment the Brahmaputra’s volume within India.
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Flow Dynamics: The river’s flow increases markedly as it traverses Indian territory. At the India-China border near Tuting, the flow is approximately 2,000–3,000 cubic meters per second (m³/s), which swells to 15,000–20,000 m³/s in the Assam plains during the monsoon season.
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Flood Mitigation Perspective: Addressing hypothetical scenarios, Sarma stated that even if China were to reduce the Brahmaputra’s flow—a situation he deems unlikely—it could potentially aid in controlling the devastating floods that Assam experiences annually, displacing thousands and causing significant damage.
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Rebuttal to External Narratives: Sarma criticized narratives suggesting that China could weaponize water flow against India, labeling them as “manufactured threats.” He emphasized India’s sovereign rights and the river’s resilience, stating that the Brahmaputra is not controlled by a single source but is powered by India’s geography and monsoon patterns.
India Achieves Fiscal Deficit Target of 4.8% for FY25
India Achieves Fiscal Deficit Target of 4.8% for FY25
Why in News?
- The Government of India successfully met its fiscal deficit target of 4.8% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the financial year 2024–25 (FY25), as revealed in the provisional data released by the Controller General of Accounts (CGA).
Important Key Points:
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Fiscal Deficit Achievement: The fiscal deficit for FY25 stood at 4.8% of GDP, aligning with the government’s revised estimate.
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Revenue and Expenditure Details:
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Net Tax Receipts: ₹30.36 trillion ($354.9 billion), up from ₹23.27 trillion the previous year.
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Non-Tax Revenue: ₹5.38 trillion, compared to ₹4.02 trillion in the previous year.
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Total Government Expenditure: ₹46.56 trillion, up from ₹44.43 trillion the prior year.
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Capital Expenditure: ₹10.52 trillion, against ₹9.49 trillion in the previous year.
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Future Targets: The government aims to reduce the fiscal deficit further to 4.4% in the fiscal year 2025–26.
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